答:20亿美元左右,有多份研究报告可供佐证。
这是德勤《Unlocking R&D productivity: Measuring the return from pharmaceutical innovation 2018》报告中的数据:
还有一些论文可供佐证。例如:J.A. DiMasi and H.G. Grabowski, ‘The Cost of Biopharmaceutical R&D: Is Biotech Different?, Managerial and Decision Economics 28 (2007): 469-479
或者:J. Mestre-Ferrandiz, J. Sussex and A. Towse, The R&D cost of a new medicine, Office of Health Economics, December 2012 (Hansen, 1979; Wiggins, 1987; D...
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